Preventive Medicine Reports (Jun 2022)
COVID-19 stressors and health behaviors: A multilevel longitudinal study across 86 countries
- Shian-Ling Keng,
- Michael V. Stanton,
- LeeAnn B. Haskins,
- Carlos A. Almenara,
- Jeannette Ickovics,
- Antwan Jones,
- Diana Grigsby-Toussaint,
- Maximilian Agostini,
- Jocelyn J. Bélanger,
- Ben Gützkow,
- Jannis Kreienkamp,
- Edward P. Lemay, Jr.,
- Michelle R. vanDellen,
- Georgios Abakoumkin,
- Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom,
- Vjollca Ahmedi,
- Handan Akkas,
- Mohsin Atta,
- Sabahat Cigdem Bagci,
- Sima Basel,
- Edona Berisha Kida,
- Allan B.I. Bernardo,
- Nicholas R. Buttrick,
- Phatthanakit Chobthamkit,
- Hoon–Seok Choi,
- Mioara Cristea,
- Sára Csaba,
- Kaja Damnjanovic,
- Ivan Danyliuk,
- Arobindu Dash,
- Daniela Di Santo,
- Karen M. Douglas,
- Violeta Enea,
- Daiane G. Faller,
- Gavan Fitzsimons,
- Alexandra Gheorghiu,
- Ángel Gómez,
- Ali Hamaidia,
- Qing Han,
- Mai Helmy,
- Joevarian Hudiyana,
- Bertus F. Jeronimus,
- Ding–Yu Jiang,
- Veljko Jovanović,
- Željka Kamenov,
- Anna Kende,
- Tra Thi Thanh Kieu,
- Yasin Koc,
- Kamila Kovyazina,
- Inna Kozytska,
- Joshua Krause,
- Arie W. Kruglanski,
- Anton Kurapov,
- Maja Kutlaca,
- Nóra Anna Lantos,
- Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana,
- Winnifred R. Louis,
- Adrian Lueders,
- Marta Maj,
- Najma Iqbal Malik,
- Anton Martinez,
- Kira O. McCabe,
- Jasmina Mehulić,
- Mirra Noor Milla,
- Idris Mohammed,
- Erica Molinario,
- Manuel Moyano,
- Hayat Muhammad,
- Silvana Mula,
- Hamdi Muluk,
- Solomiia Myroniuk,
- Reza Najafi,
- Claudia F. Nisa,
- Boglárka Nyúl,
- Paul A. O'Keefe,
- Jose Javier Olivas Osuna,
- Evgeny N. Osin,
- Joonha Park,
- Gennaro Pica,
- Antonio Pierro,
- Jonas Rees,
- Anne Margit Reitsema,
- Elena Resta,
- Marika Rullo,
- Michelle K. Ryan,
- Adil Samekin,
- Pekka Santtila,
- Edyta M. Sasin,
- Birga M. Schumpe,
- Heyla A. Selim,
- Wolfgang Stroebe,
- Samiah Sultana,
- Robbie M. Sutton,
- Eleftheria Tseliou,
- Akira Utsugi,
- Jolien Anne van Breen,
- Caspar J. Van Lissa,
- Kees Van Veen,
- Alexandra Vázquez,
- Robin Wollast,
- Victoria Wai–lan Yeung,
- Somayeh Zand,
- Iris Lav Žeželj,
- Bang Zheng,
- Andreas Zick,
- Claudia Zúñiga,
- N. Pontus Leander
Affiliations
- Shian-Ling Keng
- Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia; Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore; Corresponding author at: Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Michael V. Stanton
- California State University, East Bay, USA
- LeeAnn B. Haskins
- University of Georgia, USA
- Carlos A. Almenara
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Peru
- Jeannette Ickovics
- Yale University, USA; Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
- Antwan Jones
- The George Washington University, USA
- Diana Grigsby-Toussaint
- Brown University, USA
- Maximilian Agostini
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Jocelyn J. Bélanger
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Ben Gützkow
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Jannis Kreienkamp
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Edward P. Lemay, Jr.
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Michelle R. vanDellen
- University of Georgia, USA
- Georgios Abakoumkin
- University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
- Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Malaysia
- Vjollca Ahmedi
- University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
- Handan Akkas
- Ankara Science University, Ankara, Turkey
- Mohsin Atta
- University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Sabahat Cigdem Bagci
- Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sima Basel
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Edona Berisha Kida
- University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
- Allan B.I. Bernardo
- De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
- Nicholas R. Buttrick
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Phatthanakit Chobthamkit
- Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Hoon–Seok Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Mioara Cristea
- Heriot Watt University, United Kingdom
- Sára Csaba
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
- Kaja Damnjanovic
- University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Ivan Danyliuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
- Arobindu Dash
- Leuphana University Luneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
- Daniela Di Santo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Karen M. Douglas
- University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Violeta Enea
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Daiane G. Faller
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Gavan Fitzsimons
- Duke University, Durham, USA
- Alexandra Gheorghiu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- Ali Hamaidia
- University Setif 2, Sétif, Algeria
- Qing Han
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Mai Helmy
- Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt; Sultan Qaboos University, Egypt
- Joevarian Hudiyana
- Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Bertus F. Jeronimus
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Ding–Yu Jiang
- National Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Veljko Jovanović
- University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Željka Kamenov
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Anna Kende
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
- Tra Thi Thanh Kieu
- HCMC University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Yasin Koc
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Kamila Kovyazina
- Independent Researcher, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Inna Kozytska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
- Joshua Krause
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Arie W. Kruglanski
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Anton Kurapov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
- Maja Kutlaca
- Durham University, Durham, UK
- Nóra Anna Lantos
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
- Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana
- Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Winnifred R. Louis
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Adrian Lueders
- University of Limerick, Ireland
- Marta Maj
- Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Najma Iqbal Malik
- University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Anton Martinez
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Kira O. McCabe
- Carleton University, Canada
- Jasmina Mehulić
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Mirra Noor Milla
- Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Idris Mohammed
- Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Erica Molinario
- Florida Gulf Coast University, USA
- Manuel Moyano
- University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hayat Muhammad
- University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Silvana Mula
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Hamdi Muluk
- Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Solomiia Myroniuk
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Reza Najafi
- University of Padova, Italy
- Claudia F. Nisa
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Boglárka Nyúl
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
- Paul A. O'Keefe
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
- Jose Javier Olivas Osuna
- National Distance Education University, Spain
- Evgeny N. Osin
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Joonha Park
- NUCB Business School, Nagoya, Japan
- Gennaro Pica
- University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- Antonio Pierro
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Jonas Rees
- University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Anne Margit Reitsema
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Elena Resta
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Marika Rullo
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Michelle K. Ryan
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Pekka Santtila
- New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Edyta M. Sasin
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Birga M. Schumpe
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Heyla A. Selim
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Wolfgang Stroebe
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Samiah Sultana
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Robbie M. Sutton
- University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Eleftheria Tseliou
- University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
- Akira Utsugi
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Jolien Anne van Breen
- Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Caspar J. Van Lissa
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Kees Van Veen
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Alexandra Vázquez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- Robin Wollast
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, France
- Victoria Wai–lan Yeung
- Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
- Somayeh Zand
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Iris Lav Žeželj
- University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Bang Zheng
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- Andreas Zick
- University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Claudia Zúñiga
- Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- N. Pontus Leander
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Wayne State University, USA
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 27
p. 101764
Abstract
Anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement has been associated with adverse health behaviors, such as unhealthy eating, smoking, and drinking. However, most studies have been limited by regional sampling, which precludes the examination of behavioral consequences associated with the pandemic at a global level. Further, few studies operationalized pandemic-related stressors to enable the investigation of the impact of different types of stressors on health outcomes. This study examined the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and economic burden of COVID-19 with health-promoting and health-damaging behaviors using data from the PsyCorona Study: an international, longitudinal online study of psychological and behavioral correlates of COVID-19. Analyses utilized data from 7,402 participants from 86 countries across three waves of assessment between May 16 and June 13, 2020. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-19 infection risk, COVID-19-related economic burden, physical exercise, diet quality, cigarette smoking, sleep quality, and binge drinking. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses showed that across three time points, perceived economic burden was associated with reduced diet quality and sleep quality, as well as increased smoking. Diet quality and sleep quality were lowest among respondents who perceived high COVID-19 infection risk combined with high economic burden. Neither binge drinking nor exercise were associated with perceived COVID-19 infection risk, economic burden, or their interaction. Findings point to the value of developing interventions to address COVID-related stressors, which have an impact on health behaviors that, in turn, may influence vulnerability to COVID-19 and other health outcomes.
