Site‐Selective Tyrosine Reaction for Antibody‐Cell Conjugation and Targeted Immunotherapy

Abstract

Abstract Targeted immunotherapies capitalize on the exceptional binding capabilities of antibodies to stimulate a host response that effectuates long‐lived tumor destruction. One example is the conjugation of immunoglobulins (IgGs) to immune effector cells, which equips the cells with the ability to recognize and accurately kill malignant cells through a process called antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, a chemoenzymatic reaction is developed that specifically functionalizes a single tyrosine (Tyr, Y) residue, Y296, in the Fc domain of therapeutic IgGs. A one‐pot reaction that combines the tyrosinase‐catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine to o‐quinone with a subsequent [3+2] photoaddition with vinyl ether is employed. This reaction installs fluorescent molecules or bioorthogonal groups at Y296 of IgGs or the C‐terminal Y‐tag of an engineered nanobody. The Tyr‐specific reaction is utilized in constructing monofunctionalized antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) and antibody/nanobody‐conjugated effector cells, such as natural killer cells or macrophages. These results demonstrate the potential of site‐selective antibody reactions for enhancing targeted cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords

• antibody reaction
• antibody‐cell conjugation
• antibody‐drug conjugates
• cancer immunotherapy
• photoaddition
• tyrosine reaction