The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Heart Failure in Young Korean Population: A Nationwide Study
Tae-Eun Kim,
Do Young Kim,
Hyeongsu Kim,
Jidong Sung,
Duk-Kyung Kim,
Myoung-Soon Lee,
Seong Woo Han,
Hyun-Joong Kim,
Hyun Kyun Ki,
Sung Hea Kim,
Kyu-Hyung Ryu
Affiliations
Tae-Eun Kim
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
Do Young Kim
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University Hospital and Ajou School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Hyeongsu Kim
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
Jidong Sung
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
Duk-Kyung Kim
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
Myoung-Soon Lee
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16418, Republic of Korea
Seong Woo Han
Division of Cardiology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
Hyun-Joong Kim
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
Hyun Kyun Ki
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
Sung Hea Kim
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
Kyu-Hyung Ryu
Division of Cardiology, Hebron Medical Center, Phnom Penh 12406, Cambodia
Limited data are available regarding the effect of metabolic syndrome on heart failure (HF) development in young individuals. Utilizing data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we included a total of 1,958,284 subjects in their 40s who underwent health screening between January 2009 and December 2009 in Korea. Subjects were classified into three groups: normal, pre-metabolic syndrome (Pre-MetS), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS was identified in 10.58% of males and 5.21% of females. The hazard ratio for HF in subjects with MetS was 1.968 (95% CI: 1.526–2.539) for males and 2.398 (95% CI: 1.466–3.923) for females. For those with Pre-MetS, the hazard ratio was 1.607 (95% CI: 1.293–1.997) in males and 1.893 (95% CI: 1.43–2.505) in females. Additionally, acute myocardial infarction and low hemoglobin levels were identified as significant risk factors for HF in both genders. MetS approximately doubled the risk of developing HF in individuals in their 40s. Pre-MetS was also a significant risk factor for HF in this population.
