Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика (Dec 2022)
Recombinant botulinum toxin as a new stage in the development of botulinum toxin therapy. Possibilities and perspectives of use in neurological practice
Abstract
Currently, eight natural serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BNT-A-G, -X) are known. The mechanism of action of all BNT serotypes is presynaptic blockade of SNARE transport proteins (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor [NSF] Attachment Protein Receptor), as a result of which the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is disrupted and neuromuscular transmission is blocked.Each botulinum toxin serotype selectively binds to its own presynaptic membrane receptor and causes cleavage of its own SNARE protein. These differences determine the neuronal specificity and activity of botulinum toxins, which leads to their unique pharmacological properties, such as activity, duration of action, and time to onset of action.In the international clinical practice, only two BNT serotypes (A and B) are allowed to be used, however, in recent years, a large number of studies on the efficacy and safety of other BNT serotypes (E, C, F) have been carried out, and technologies for changing their natural properties have been developed.One of the indications for the use of botulinum therapy in neurology is the correction of post-stroke spasticity. Currently, BNT-A is used for this purpose, clinical improvement after its injection occurs after 2 weeks, the therapeutic effect persists for 3 months, and then the symptoms of spasticity increase again, which worsens the patient's quality of life and reduces the possibility of medical rehabilitation. The use of fast-acting recombinant botulinum toxins for this purpose could help overcome this disadvantage of BNT-A therapy.Currently the LANTIMA study, supported by IPSEN company, is going on to evaluate the safety profile and level of efficacy of modified recombinant botulinum toxin type AB in the treatment of upper limb spasticity in adults.
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