Presarcopenia Is an Independent Risk Factor for Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chinese Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Yuan Cao, 1 Ming Zhong, 1 Yuke Zhang, 2 Zijie Zheng, 1 Yapeng Liu, 1 Xiaoning Ni, 1 Lu Han, 1, 3 Ming Song, 1 Wei Zhang, 1 Zhihao Wang 1, 4 1The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei ZhangThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and The Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [email protected]   Zhihao WangThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, The Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [email protected]: To investigate the impacts of skeletal muscle mass on carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods: One hundred and ninety-five subjects with MetS had the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR)≥ 0.5 for all. One hundred and eighty-four subjects without MetS were divided into 2 groups: Non-Mets obese group (WHTR ≥ 0.5, n = 118) and Non-MetS control group (WHTR < 0.5, n = 66). All the groups had no difference in age. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was acquired and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by ultrasonography. Each group was stratified according to the presence or absence of presarcopenia.Results: While most parameters showed an increasing trend with WHTR and MetS in both genders, SMI and HDL-C showed a decreasing trend. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis showed the same increasing trend. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed SBP and presarcopenia were both independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in MetS (OR 1.026, P < 0.001; OR 2.788, P = 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in IMT among the three groups with preserved muscle mass whether the participants suffered from obesity or MetS, while there was a significant difference between the two groups with presarcopenia (in male P = 0.020, in female P = 0.009, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.641 (P< 0.001) for presarcopenia.Conclusion: Obesity was a risk factor for sarcopenia independent of age, especially in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In individuals with MetS, our findings suggest that presarcopenia may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and appendicular skeletal muscle mass had potential protective effects for carotid atherosclerosis regardless of gender.Keywords: skeletal muscle mass, presarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, carotid atherosclerosis

Keywords

• skeletal muscle mass
• presarcopenia
• metabolic syndrome
• carotid atherosclerosis