Left ventricular contraction patterns in Takotsubo Syndrome and their correlation with long-term clinical outcome

Abstract

Background: Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) is diagnosed in 1–2% of all patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Next to the typical apical manifestation, other locations of left ventricular contraction abnormality are possible, but their relationship to patient characteristics, clinical correlates as well as long-term outcome are poorly understood. Methods & results: We retrospectively analyzed 126 patients presenting TTS. Cases were categorized according to left ventricular contraction abnormality patterns: typical apical pattern (71%, n = 89) vs. atypical patterns (29%, n = 37). Cases with typical TTS showed significantly higher levels of troponin I (3.12 ng/ml vs. 1.32 ng/ml, p = 0.013) and creatin kinase (CK) on admission (461 (±1207)U/l vs. 173 (±177) U/l, p = 0.03) as well as peak CK (973 (±2860)U/l vs. 301 (±328) U/l, p = 0.03) and more often ischemia related ECG changes (p = 0.02). Follow-up data was available for 85% of the patients. Median FU time was 4.4 years (IQR 1.4–7.7 years). All-cause mortality during follow-up was 39%, with no significant difference between patients with typical or atypical TTS (43% vs. 29%, p = 0.17). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only anemia was predictive for long-term mortality (OR 3.93, 95%CI 1.02–2.08, p = 0.015). The majority of surviving patients (69%) reported good quality of life, even though only 56% reported being symptom-free. Conclusion: Patients with TTS have poor long-term prognosis with an overall mortality of 39.1% within 4 years and nearly half of all patients report persisting symptoms. Even though the apical contraction pattern is associated with higher elevation of serum markers for myocardial damage, it was not associated with higher long-term mortality.

Keywords

• Takotsubo Syndrome
• Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
• Broken heart syndrome
• Stress cardiomyopathy
• Contraction pattern