Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of <i>Centranthus longiflorus</i> Stems Extracts Recovered Using <i>Ired-Irrad</i><sup>®</sup>, an Innovative Infrared Technology, Compared to Water Bath and Ultrasound
Mariam Hammoud,
Hiba N. Rajha,
Ali Chokr,
Carl Safi,
Lambertus A. M. van den Broek,
Gijs van Erven,
Richard G. Maroun,
Espérance Debs,
Hassan Rammal,
Nicolas Louka
Affiliations
Mariam Hammoud
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
Hiba N. Rajha
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
Ali Chokr
Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
Carl Safi
Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Lambertus A. M. van den Broek
Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Gijs van Erven
Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Richard G. Maroun
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
Espérance Debs
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
Hassan Rammal
Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut 1683, Lebanon
Nicolas Louka
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, CST-Mar Roukos-Dekwaneh, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 1514, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon
Extraction of polyphenols from Centranthus longiflorus stems was conducted using ultrasound and infrared Ired-Irrad® techniques, and compared to the conventional water bath method. Response surface methodology was used to analyse the effect of time, temperature, and ethanol percentage, as well as to optimize the three extraction methods. The highest phenolic content (81 mg GAE/g DM) and antioxidant activity (76% DPPH inhibition) were recorded with the Ired-Irrad® extract obtained under the optimal conditions: 55 °C, 127 min, 48% (v/v) ethanol. Biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm) of the three extracts were assessed. All C. longiflorus stems extracts showed limited antibacterial effects regardless of the extraction method (MIC = 50 mg/mL), whereas Ired-Irrad® extract exhibited the highest biofilm eradication and prevention capacities (93% against Escherichia coli and 97% against Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively). This bioactivity is likely related to abundant caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin rutinoside, as identified by RP-UHPLC-PDA-MS analysis. The results obtained further promote the effectiveness of Ired-Irrad® as a highly flexible and cost-efficient extraction technique.
