Refractive Index and Abbe Number Tuning via 3D Printable Optical Quality Silica–Titania–Germania Glasses

Abstract

The development of optical quality GeO2–TiO2–SiO2 glasses compatible with direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing is reported in this study. Colloidal GeO2 and TiO2–SiO2 core–shell feedstocks are prepared by a sol–gel method and converted to printable inks for DIW. Printed inks are subsequently densified to glass using heat treatment at temperatures up to 1100 °C in air. A series of print‐compatible glass compositions are prepared, yielding transparent glass with the highest refractive index n = 1.576. Herein, it is shown that more TiO2 can be incorporated into the glass without haziness or scattering through the addition of GeO2. The mechanisms for this are discussed, and it is shown that crystallization persists in these glasses despite the lack of visible light scattering. Finally, the combination of both TiO2 and GeO2 into a ternary glass also is used to independently tune the dispersion properties of the glass, as demonstrated by measured refractive indices and Abbe numbers, which has potential implications for 3D‐printed optics.

Keywords

• 3D printing
• Abbe number
• direct ink writing
• GeO2–TiO2–SiO2 glass
• refractive index