ادبیات تطبیقی (Aug 2019)
A comparative study of the status of women in Persian and Arabic proverbs Based on psychological insights of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne (Case study: Proverbs of Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal)
Abstract
1. Introduction Proverbs as one of the best areas of research on the ideas of speakers of a language, part of the literature of any country is its people as the best way to express ideas common among the self-chosen, so the species that we as folk literature know, proverbs part of the literature suggests counts people as language empower their psychological states. Check contrast Proverbs, Persian and Arabic, focusing on women, based on the likes and Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal, could represent a part of the mentality speakers of Persian and Arabic, especially when the survey compared with the use of the insights of psychology Eric Berne and Alfred Adler. To examine the psychological effects and consequences of the proverbs of a language, one must use psychological perspectives. The focus of this article is on the position of women in Persian and Arabic proverbs; therefore, the authors will attempt to examine the position of women in Persian and Arabic proverbs on the basis of the views of Eric Berne and Alfred Adler on a more comprehensive view of the differences and commonalities between cultures. These two languages can be achieved. Our reliance on the proverbs in Persian language will be based on Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and in Arabic on Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal. The reason for choosing these two works is that despite numerous works in this field, Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal are still the most complete works in Persian and Arabic languages in this field. 2. Methodolgy This research is based on the library method, using analysis, description and analysis of the proverbial statistics of the subject in each language. The research is thus explained first by Alfred Adler's focus on fundamental error theory and by Eric Berne’s focus on pollution theory; In the next step, these proverbs in each language show their percentages of contamination and inaccuracy, in percentage terms. Finally, a comparative study of the data is performed to reach the final conclusion. 3. Discussion A careful examination of the position of women in proverbs of Amsal va hekam and Majmol Alamsal based on the psychological perspectives of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne, and with regard to the fundamental questions, suggest that some errors and omissions can be made. The speaker of a language is someone that whenever he finds a literary statement appealing to him and can express his mental states and desires, he chooses it and quotes it at such a high frequency that it becomes little more than a proverb; The public, on the one hand, is a manifestation of the culture and type of vernacular of a language, at least in the past, and on the other hand can be recognized as an influential factor on the general public in the future, and must be scrutinized carefully to assess its potential harm. Be. The importance of such studies becomes even more pronounced when the proverbs are sometimes so popular among the public that they invoke it as a solid and undeniable idea and, on the basis of their placement, argue on various issues. In the Persian proverbs of of Amsal va hekam and in the Arabic proverbs, the position of women is psychological in several respects. It should be borne in mind that all of what has been explained as fundamental errors and psychological contamination in the theoretical foundations can overlap in the study of proverbs, which overlaps in the different attitudes that the proverb may have. To better understand the position of women in proverbs, based on the psychological perspective of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne, we extracted the proverbs of both languages from in Proverbs of Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal and categorized them into five groups, considering the difference in the number of proverbs. In these books, to gain a deeper understanding, in addition to explaining the psychological issues associated with the chart, we outlined their percentages in each language to make the comparative study and final conclusions easier. 4. Conclusion A detailed and comparative statistical examination of the position of women in Proverbs of Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal based on the psychological perspectives of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne leads us to conclude that some proverbs have attitudes to fundamental misconception and contamination with women; Five groups led us to the following results: A. There is a 2.09% increase in Majmol Alamsal than Amsal va hekam and verdicts of the pollster's attitude, along with a fundamental misconception that women are hurting men, so there is a widespread attitude among Arab speakers, of course; With more than 23 percent of Arabic proverbs and more than 20 percent of Persian proverbs. B. Concerning the perception that women are fundamentally less powerful than men, there is a 6.41 per cent higher prevalence in Majmol Alamsal than Amsal va hekam, which may be a more profound indication that this view is present in the Arabic cultural background. C. Looking at women as a commodity to fulfill men's desires, 14.19 percent of Amsal va hekam and 11.53 percent of Majmol Alamsal; it is estimated that in Persian proverbs, this means a higher frequency of 2. The Arabic proverbs in this regard are, to a lesser degreerior. D. The attitude associated with contamination and fundamental misconception that restricting women is necessary to protect them from error is visible in the proverbial Persian Amsal va hekam 6.17% and in the Arabic Majmol Alamsal 3.84%. Although this attitude is relatively low in the proverbs, it is evident that in Persian, with a tolerance of about twice as much as the Arabic language, this attitude is emphasized as a worthy figure. E. In the case of proverbs that are judged to be healthy, the status of Amsal va hekam are better than Majmol Alamsal. Although there is not much difference in this case, in any case the frequency of healthy Persian proverbs is 3.51% higher than Majmol Alamsal, so the position of the Persian proverbs can be slightly improved on this view. Knowing that 58.03% of Amsal va hekam and 61.54% of Majmol Alamsal are psychologically contaminated and mistaken, alerts us to the fact that in the context of Arabic, Persian, and Arabic literary pretexts, More than healthy, non-traumatic statements. Lack of attention to this issue can have unpleasant consequences for human society in the long run; proverbs as an integral part of popular culture affect the culture and thought of speakers of any language.
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