Thermal efficiencies of Ohmic cobalt ferrite and magnetite hybrid ferrofluid flow over an exponentially vertically shrinking surface

Abstract

The remarkable thermophysical characteristics of hybrid nanofluids have considerable potential for the enhancement of heat transport. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in research on hybrid nanofluids, with findings indicating that these fluids are favorable for transferring heat in engineering contexts. Therefore, a theoretical investigation is conducted by adopting the Tiwari and Das model, for viscous dissipative flow and thermal transport characteristics of hybrid nanoparticles in an exponentially permeable porous shrinking surface. The convective thermal transport features are studied with the influence of Ohmic heating and thermal generation/absorption effects. To solve the governing flow problem of hybrid nanofluid, a standard conversion and numerical approach are used. The numerical findings indicated the existence of dual solutions within a certain range of shrinking and mixed convective parameters. The results reveal that high suction strength higher the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate. It also reveals that in opposing flow regions, the addition of nanoparticles resulted in a lower heat transport rate and a higher skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, as thermal radiation increases, the rate of heat transfer increases, but the upward Eckert number exhibits the opposite behavior. In addition, the velocity profile displays opposite behavior for upper and lower behavior when the mixed convection parameter increases. Besides, the thermal distribution grew when the radiation, Eckert number, and Biot number were raised.

Keywords

• Hybrid ferrofluid
• Mixed convection
• Viscous dissipation
• Heat source/sink
• Multiple solution