Bioactive Extracts from Annona hypoglauca

Abstract

The aim was to analyze the bioactive potential of hexane and ethanolic extracts from leaves of Annona hypoglauca, Roraima, Brazil, against fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium proliferatum) and yeast (Candida albicans) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguinis) and gram- negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium), antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic activities against Artemia salina, in addition to verify a phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity of theleaves ethanolic extract 51% to 50 µg mL-1, 16% at the same concentration for the hexane extract. Theantiacetylcholinesterase activity presented high variation of the ethanolic extract and 59.76% in the hexane extract. The cytotoxic activity against A. salina was more efficient for the ethanolic extract of the leaves in 27% to 500 µg mL-1. The bioactivity of fungi and yeasts, the ethanolic extract of the leaves of A. hypoglaucashowed no inhibition on the fungi F. proliferatum and A. flavus, but the hexane extract inhibited 40.0% and 59.5% on these fungi, respectively. For the inhibition of C. albicans, the extracts hexane (94.5-96.9%) and ethanolic (89.2-92.6%) of the leaves of A. hypoglauca, at all concentrations. Excellent inhibitions on gram- positive bacteria were given by the hexane extract in 100% to 500 µg mL-1, but low inhibition for the ethanolic extract for S. aureus in 21.6% to 125 µg mL-1 and for S. Sanguinis 35.5% to 500 µg mL-1. Inhibitions on gram- negative bacteria varied from 26.1% to 42.4% in ethanolic extract and 10.7% to 18.6% in hexanic extract forcoli; as inhibition of S. typhimurium occurred from 9.3% to 61.1% in ethanolic extract and from 9.1% to 41.2% in hexane extract. Regarding phytochemical screening, the class of compounds observed qualitatively suggests the presence of saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids and tannins.