The emerging role of group VI calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in releasing docosahexaenoic acid from brain phospholipids

Abstract

Brain phospholipids are highly enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Recent advances indicate that 22:6n-3 is released from brain phospholipids via the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in response to several stimuli, including neurotransmission, where it then acts as a secondary messenger. Furthermore, it is now known that released 22:6n-3 is a substrate for several oxygenation enzymes whose products are potent signaling molecules. One emerging candidate PLA2 involved in the release of 22:6n-3 from brain phospholipids is the group VI calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). After a brief review of brain 22:6n-3 metabolism, cell culture and rodent studies facilitating the hypothesis that group VI iPLA2 releases 22:6n-3 from brain phospholipids are discussed. The identification of PLA2s involved in cleaving 22:6n-3 from brain phospholipids could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for brain disorders in which 22:6n-3 signaling is disordered.

Keywords

• signaling
• cyclooxygenase
• lipoxygenase
• docosanoid
• neuroprotectin
• uptake