South African Journal of Psychiatry (Jun 2025)
Experiences of mental healthcare users and their families when interacting with SAPS: A qualitative study
Abstract
Background: In South Africa, the South African Police Service (SAPS) is often called to facilitate access to mental healthcare for individuals with severe behavioural disturbances posing risks to themselves or others, as outlined in the Mental Health Care Act (2002). Understanding the experiences of mental healthcare users (MHCUs) and their families during these encounters is essential for improving mental health services. Aim: To explore the experiences of MHCUs and their families during interactions with SAPS when seeking assistance for hospital admission, focusing on perceptions of SAPS attitudes and responses. Setting: The study was conducted at the outpatient and inpatient psychiatric departments of Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Southern Johannesburg. Methods: Between June and December 2023, 15 semi structured interviews were conducted with five inpatients, five outpatients, and five family members. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed inductively to identify emergent themes. Results: Five major themes emerged, highlighting confusion, fear, and feelings of criminalisation. Participants reported inadequate SAPS support, with the escalation of force often worsening anxiety and distress. Families were frequently misinformed, including being advised to call an ambulance, which delayed care. SAPS involvement often led to public embarrassment, affecting MHCUs’ dignity. Conclusion: SAPS responses to mental health emergencies frequently increased distress among MHCUs and families. The findings highlight the need for SAPS training and clear protocols to manage psychiatric crises with care and sensitivity. Contribution: This study informs interventions aimed at improving SAPS–MHCU interactions.
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