Response of Mycorrhizal ’Touriga Nacional‘ Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Amaia Nogales,
Hugo Ribeiro,
Julio Nogales-Bueno,
Lee D. Hansen,
Elsa F. Gonçalves,
João Lucas Coito,
Ana Elisa Rato,
Augusto Peixe,
Wanda Viegas,
Hélia Cardoso
Affiliations
Amaia Nogales
LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
Hugo Ribeiro
Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Julio Nogales-Bueno
Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Lee D. Hansen
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Elsa F. Gonçalves
LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
João Lucas Coito
LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
Ana Elisa Rato
Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Augusto Peixe
Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Wanda Viegas
LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
Hélia Cardoso
MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. ‘Touriga Nacional’ variety grapevines, inoculated or not with Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae, were used in this study. Calorespirometric parameters and NIR spectra, as well as other parameters commonly used to assess heat injury in plants, were measured before and after high temperature exposure. Growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, calculated from calorespirometric measurements, and stomatal conductance, were the most sensitive parameters for discriminating among high temperature responses of control and inoculated grapevines. The results revealed that, although this vine variety can adapt its physiology to temperatures up to 40 °C, inoculation with R. irregulare could additionally help to sustain its growth, especially after heat shocks. Therefore, the combination of calorespirometry together with gas exchange measurements is a promising strategy for screening grapevine heat tolerance under controlled conditions and has high potential to be implemented in initial phases of plant breeding programs.
