Nutrition & Santé (Dec 2016)
Extraction et composition chimique d'huile de noyaux de dattes algériennes [Extraction and chemical composition of algerian date seeds oil]
Abstract
Introduction. The date palm ( ) fruit was composed by fleshy pericarp and seeds. The average weight of date pits (seeds) ranges from 13% and 15% of weight of date. The date seeds are rich in some minerals, especially iron, total sugars and crude fat. Objective. The chemical composition of Algerian date seeds oils was determined after extraction. Materials and methods. Four varieties of date seeds and their mixture, composed by 50% Deglet nour, 20% Degla baida, 20% Mech degla and 10% Hamraya, were investigated. Oil extraction was carried out by soxhlet with petrol ether 40-60°C. The oils were converted to methyl esters by the method of ISO 5508-1990. The fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography Results. Oil contents in date seeds represented 6.20%-10.39% and in the mixture 11.67%. Gas chromatography revealed that the major unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) was oleic acid (36.17%- 41.61%) in date seeds of four varieties, and 35.50% in the mixture. The main saturated fatty acid (SFA) was lauric acid, with average values of 7.14%-23.59%, and that of the mixture was 29.37%. The average values of myristic, palmitic and linoleic acids were ranged between 6.65% to 15.99% and those of the mixture was 5.53%. Low values of stearic, capric and caprylic acids were noted (2.24% and 3.64%, 0.13% and 0.48%, 0.10% and 0.44%, respectively), and that of the mixture was 58.95%. Total SFA represented 23.32%-40.58% and that of the mixture was 58.95%, and total UFA were 57.60%-73.03% and that of the mixture was 41.04%. Conclusion A potential use of date seeds oil can be considered in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics applications.
