Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> (Robx.) Benth Leaves Exhibit Ovicidal Activity against <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez,
Ana Laura Jimenez-Chino,
Alejandro Bugarin,
Alejandro Zamilpa,
Pedro Mendoza-de Gives,
Abel Villa-Mancera,
María Eugenia López-Arellano,
Jaime Olivares-Pérez,
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez,
Manases González-Cortazar
Affiliations
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
Ana Laura Jimenez-Chino
Biotechnology Engineering, Polytechnic University of the State of Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac #566, Col. Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
Alejandro Bugarin
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
Alejandro Zamilpa
South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico
Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
Abel Villa-Mancera
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, Tecamachalco CP 75482, Puebla, Mexico
María Eugenia López-Arellano
National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
Jaime Olivares-Pérez
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Altamirano, Km 3.0 Altamirano-Iguala Highway, Colonia Querendita, Altamirano CP 40660, Guerrero, Mexico
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Iguala CP 40040, Guerrero, Mexico
Manases González-Cortazar
South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico
Pithecellobium dulce (Robx.) Benth is an arboreal legume used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments, including a number of intestinal disorders, and as a natural deworming. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ovicidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract (HA-E) and its fractions (aqueous, Aq-F and organic, EtOAc-F) from P. dulce leaves, as well as subfractions (C1F1–C17) obtained from EtOAc-F against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The HA-E, Aq-F, and EtOAc-F were assessed at 0.03–5.00 mg/mL and subfractions (C1F1–C17) were assessed at 0.06–1.00 mg/mL. The HA-E and Aq-F showed an ovicidal activity close to 100% at 2.5 mg/mL, and EtOAc-F displayed the highest anthelmintic effect (100% at 0.25 mg/mL). Meanwhile, the sub-fractions with the highest ovicidal effect were C1F6, C1F9, C1F10, C1F11, and CIF13. The main compounds identified in the most active fractions (C1F9, C1F11, and C1F13) were kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), coumaric acid (3), ferulic acid (4), luteolin 7-O-rhamnoside (5), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (6), and a caffeoyl derivate (NI). The results indicate that P. dulce leaves exhibit a potent anthelmintic activity and contain bioactive compounds able to inhibit egg hatching in H. contortus. Therefore, this plant could be used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.
