Relationships between carbohydrates and reproductive development in chardonnay grapevine: impact of defoliation and fruit removal treatments during four successive growing seasons

Abstract

Aim: The present study was conducted in grapevines to evaluate the influence of source/sink disturbance on reserve restoration in the entire plant (trunk, roots) and the consequences on reproduction, yield, sugar yield, potential alcohol content and total acidity over four successive years of treatment. Methods and results: At véraison, either total defoliation or total fruit removal was performed on Chardonnay plants grown in vineyards. The impact was measured each year on reproductive parameters and after four years on both plant weight and carbohydrate content. Defoliation induced an alteration in carbohydrate distribution in the entire plant, as revealed by decrease of starch content and parallel increase of soluble sugar content. These modifications affected the number of inflorescences/clusters per plant the year after. By contrast, fruit removal resulted in a significant increase of carbohydrate reserves in the whole plant, although the efficiency of sexual reproduction was not improved the year after. Conclusion: Results confirm the close correlation between carbohydrate reserves and the efficiency of sexual reproduction. Moreover, grapevine is able to adapt the number of both inflorescences and flowers according to the amount of available carbohydrate reserves in perennial organs. Significance and impact of the study: The quality of the crop is affected by defoliation, as shown by the decrease in yield and sugar yield. However, the impact on potential alcohol content and total acidity was less pronounced.

Keywords

• carbohydrate reserves
• flowering
• photosynthesis
• source/sink ratio
• Vitis vinifera L.