Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>
Chengxian Sun,
Shunjia Li,
Kai Wang,
Hongqiang Feng,
Caihong Tian,
Xiaoguang Liu,
Xiang Li,
Xinming Yin,
Yanmei Wang,
Jizhen Wei,
Shiheng An
Affiliations
Chengxian Sun
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Shunjia Li
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Kai Wang
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Hongqiang Feng
Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Caihong Tian
Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Xiaoguang Liu
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Xiang Li
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Xinming Yin
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Yanmei Wang
College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Jizhen Wei
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Shiheng An
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, causes substantial annual agricultural production losses worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, new insecticides are urgently needed to more effectively control FAW. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi; little is known about its insecticidal activity, especially for the control of FAW. In this study, we demonstrate that CsA shows excellent insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9.69 μg/g) against FAW through significant suppression of calcineurin (CaN) activity, which is a new target for pest control. Combinations of CsA and indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, or Vip3Aa showed independent or synergistic toxicity against FAW; however, the combination of CsA and chlorantraniliprole showed no toxicity. Sublethal doses of CsA led to decreases in FAW larval and pupal weight, pupation, emergence, mating rates, adult longevity, extended development of FAW larvae and pupae and the pre-oviposition period of adults, and increases in the proportion of pupal malformation. Importantly, CsA treatment reduced FAW ovarian size and female fecundity, which suggests that it has great potential to suppress FAW colony formation. Taken together, these results indicate that CsA has high potential as an insecticide for controlling FAW.
