A Novel Apportionment Method Utilizing Particle Mass Size Distribution across Multiple Particle Size Ranges
Peizhi Wang,
Qingsong Wang,
Yuhuan Jia,
Jingjin Ma,
Chunying Wang,
Liping Qiao,
Qingyan Fu,
Abdelwahid Mellouki,
Hui Chen,
Li Li
Affiliations
Peizhi Wang
Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Qingsong Wang
Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Yuhuan Jia
Hebei Advanced Environmental Protection Industry Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Jingjin Ma
Hebei Advanced Environmental Protection Industry Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Chunying Wang
Hebei Advanced Environmental Protection Industry Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Liping Qiao
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
Qingyan Fu
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
Abdelwahid Mellouki
Ben Guerir Campus, University Mohammed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
Hui Chen
Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Li Li
Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Many cities in China are facing the dual challenge of PM2.5 and PM10 pollution. There is an urgent need to develop a cost-effective method that can apportion both with high-time resolution. A novel and practical apportionment method is presented in this study. It combines the measurement of particle mass size distribution (PMSD) with an optical particle counter (OPC) and the algorithm of normalized non-negative matrix factorization (N-NMF). Applied in the city center of Baoding, Hebei, this method separates four distinct pollution factors. Their sizes (ordered from the smallest to largest) range from 0.16 μm to 0.6 μm, 0.16 μm to 1.0 μm, 0.5 μm to 17.0 μm, and 2.0 μm to 20.0 μm, respectively. They correspondingly contribute to PM2.5 (PM10) with portions of 26% (17%), 37% (26%), 33% (41%), and 4% (16%), respectively, on average. The smaller three factors are identified as combustion, secondary, and industrial aerosols because of their high correlation with carbonaceous aerosols, nitrate aerosols, and trace elements of Fe/Mn/Ca in PM2.5, respectively. The largest-sized factor is linked to dust aerosols. The primary origin regions, oxidation degrees, and formation mechanisms of each source are further discussed. This provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of PM2.5 and PM10 pollution.
