The diffusion of French à travers from the 18th century onwards.

Abstract

This paper investigates possible explanations for the sudden diffusion of the French expression à travers, meaning ‘(way) through/across’, from the middle of the 18th century onwards. From that moment, à travers became remarkably more used than the similar expression au travers (de), and also relatively more frequent in comparison with par, ‘through’, a preposition with which it competes in certain contexts. A first hypothesis supposes a competition with par. A second assumption is linked to the end of the freedom of à travers and au travers with respect to the combination with the preposition de. The results indicate that the rise of the frequencies of à travers (de) could, in part, follow from a competition with par for the combination with certain types of Grounds (the reference entity of a spatial relation). The increased level of bondedness – and thus of grammaticalization – of à travers seems also to have contributed to its diffusion.

Keywords

• grammaticalization
• spatial semantics
• cognitive linguistics
• Complex prepositions
• diachronic linguistics