Exfoliative Cytology of Buccal and Gingival Mucosa in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Abstract

Patients’ diabetes mellitus is prone to an increase of bacteria in the oral cavity which can cause abnormalities to the buccal and gingival mucosa cells. This study aims to analyze the relationship between high blood glucose levels in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and the condition of buccal and gingival cytology cells by using Giemsa stain and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). This research was an observational study with cross sectional approach used 16 respondents of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with blood glucose level was 321.87±91.86 mg/dl. The observation of buccal cells showed that 10 people had normal cells (62.5%) and 6 people had weak damage (37.5%). The gingival cells condition found that 8 people had normal cells (50%), 6 people had weak cell damage (37.5%) and 2 people had moderate cell damage (12.5%). The results of epithelial cells by PAS staining showed normal conditions in 10 people (62.5%), slightly damaged in 3 people (18.8%), and moderately damaged in 3 people (18.8%). Based on statistical analysist results was obtained no significant relationship between blood glucose level and abnormality of buccal and gingival mucosa, p-value = 0.105 (buccal), p-value = 0.151 (gingival), but significant relation in epithelial cells stained with PAS (p-value = 0.048). In the future, prospective and comparative studies can be conducted to observe the development of PAS staining in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This could assist in exploring fluctuating changes related to blood glucose control