Mild cognitive impairment and its lifestyle-related risk factors in the elderly: A community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Context: Alzheimer's dementia (AD), an irreversible condition is an important cause of disability in old age. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal cognition and dementia. Amnestic MCI (aMCI) is the precursor of AD. Identification of modifiable lifestyle risk factors help in the prevention of aMCI, and thereby in the prevention of AD. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of aMCI and different lifestyle factors associated with types of MCI. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst the elderly (≥60 years). A sample of 576 persons was selected using a multistage sampling technique. Vernacular adaptation of Hindi Mini-Mental State Examination tool was used to screen dementia and MCI. Geriatric Depression Scale-15 was used for screening depression. Data were collected using a pre-designed and pretested schedule and SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Results: The prevalence of MCI was found to be 22.4% among the elderly. Out of all MCI cases, the prevalence of aMCI was 38.8% in this study. The lack of social and leisure engagement was found to be significantly associated with the type of MCI. Conclusion: The comparatively higher prevalence of aMCI is just the tip of the iceberg. Lack of social and leisure engagement is a highly predictive risk factor.

Keywords

• amnestic mild cognitive impairment
• elderly
• mild cognitive impairment
• physical activity
• smoking
• alcohol use
• social and leisure engagement