Sinapicacid Inhibits Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> and Its Inflammatory Response in Mice
Aladahalli S. Giresha,
Deepadarshan Urs,
Sophiya Pundalik,
Rajkumar S. Meti,
Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod,
Ballenahalli H. Supreetha,
Madhusudana Somegowda,
Kattepura K. Dharmappa,
Ahmed M. El-Shehawi,
Sarah Albogami,
Mona M. Elseehy,
Abdullah Alaklabi,
Hosam O. Elansary,
Alanoud Omur A. Mehder,
Eman A. Mahmoud
Affiliations
Aladahalli S. Giresha
Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu 571232, India
Deepadarshan Urs
Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu 571232, India
Sophiya Pundalik
Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu 571232, India
Rajkumar S. Meti
Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu 571232, India
Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod
Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere 577007, India
Ballenahalli H. Supreetha
Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu 571232, India
Madhusudana Somegowda
Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577204, India
Kattepura K. Dharmappa
Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Campus, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu 571232, India
Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Sarah Albogami
Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Mona M. Elseehy
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Abdullah Alaklabi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
Hosam O. Elansary
Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Alanoud Omur A. Mehder
Family Education Department, Education College, Umm AL-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
Eman A. Mahmoud
Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
Human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) enzyme plays a crucial role in several chronic inflammatory diseases such asasthma, atherosclerosis, gout, bronchitis, etc. Several studies showed that the antioxidants exert an anti-inflammatory function by inhibiting the sPLA2-IIA enzyme. Hence, the present study evaluated an antioxidant molecule, sinapic acid, for sPLA2-IIA inhibition as an anti-inflammatory function. Initially, the antioxidant efficacy of sinapic acid was evaluated, and it showed greater antioxidant potency. Further, sinapic acid inhibited 94.4 ± 4.83% of sPLA2-IIA activity with an IC50 value of 4.16 ± 0.13 µM. The mode of sPLA2-IIA inhibition was examined by increasing the substrate concentration from 30 to 120nM and the calcium concentration from 2.5 to 15 mM, which did not change the level of inhibition. Further, sinapic acid altered the intrinsic fluorescence and distorted the far UltraViolet Circular Dichroism (UV-CD) spectra of the sPLA2-IIA, indicating the direct enzyme-inhibitor interaction. Sinapic acid reduced the sPLA2-IIA mediated hemolytic activity from 94 ± 2.19% to 12.35 ± 2.57% and mouse paw edema from 171.75 ± 2.2% to 114.8 ± 1.98%, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory efficiency of sinapic acid by in situ and in vivo methods, respectively. Finally, sinapic acid reduced the hemorrhagic effect of Vipera russelli venom hemorrhagic complex-I (VR-HC-I) as an anti-hemorrhagic function. Thus, the above experimental results revealed the sinapic acid potency to be an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhagic molecule, and therefore, it appears to be a promising therapeutic agent.
