International Journal of Nanomedicine (May 2021)
Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose Tissue Prevent Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw by Promoting Angiogenesis
Abstract
Jiao Huang,1– 4 Lin Wang,1– 3 Weidong Tian1– 3 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 4West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Weidong Tian No. 14, 3rd Section of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 136 0805 3216Fax +86 028 8550 3499Email [email protected]: There is no definitive treatment for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue (sEV-AT) have been proved efficient at promoting tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sEV-AT administration on BRONJ-like lesions in rats.Methods: Zoledronate (Zol) and dexamethasone (Dex) were subcutaneously administered to create a BRONJ rat model. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1) Control; 2) Zol+Dex; 3) sEV-AT. The maxillary left first molars were extracted two weeks after the first administration. In the sEV-AT group, sEV-AT were given intravenously every three days right after tooth extraction. We preformed occlusal view images, microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histological analysis to measure the regeneration of osseous and soft tissue in extraction sockets. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and cultured with endothelial cell medium (ECM). HUVECs were then divided into three groups: 1) Control: ECM; 2) Zol: ECM+Zol; 3) sEV-AT: ECM+Zol+sEV-AT. We evaluated the proliferation, tube formation and migration of HUVECs in each group.Results: Rats treated with Zol+Dex showed BRONJ-like lesions including open wounds, necrotic bones, empty osteocyte lacunae and reduced osteoclasts. sEV-AT administration reduced BRONJ-like lesions by promoting soft tissue healing. μCT results showed that bone volume in extraction sockets in the sEV-AT group was larger than the Zol+Dex group. Histological analysis showed less necrotic bones and empty osteocyte lacunae in the sEV-AT group compared to the Zol+Dex group. Histological analysis also showed more osteoclasts, collagen fibers and blood vessels in the sEV-AT group compared to the Zol+Dex group. Furthermore, sEV-AT enhanced the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs which were inhibited by Zol.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that sEV-AT prevent BRONJ in rats. Angiogenesis promotion contributes to the prevention of BRONJ.Keywords: bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, small extracellular vesicles, adipose tissue, endothelial cells, angiogenesis
