Resolution of challenging problems in quantum cosmology with electromagnetic radiation

Abstract

We investigate the quantum cosmology of a closed spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) minisuperspace model with electromagnetic radiation as matter content. We solve the corresponding Wheeler–DeWitt equation by utilizing Riemann's zeta function regularization method. We demonstrate that the regularized vacuum energy of the electromagnetic field can overcome factor ordering, boundary conditions, and singularity problems.

Keywords

• Quantum cosmology
• Factor ordering
• Boundary conditions
• Singularity
• Zeta function regularization
• Wheeler–DeWitt equation