Cancer Management and Research (May 2022)
Epidemiological and Histopathological Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Somalia
Abstract
Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed,1 Ismail Mohamud Abdullahi,2 Aşır Eraslan,1 Hussein Ali Mohamud,1 Metin Gur1 1Urology Department, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia; 2Pathology Department, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, SomaliaCorrespondence: Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia, Tel +252615167182, Email [email protected]: There is a scarcity of studies regarding renal cell carcinoma (RCC) reported from Sub-Saharan Africa.Objective: The present study is the first report evaluating the prevalence and clinical and histopathological features of RCC at a tertiary hospital in Somalia.Methods: This retrospective study included 84 patients with histologically confirmed RCC over 5-years. The investigated parameters were sociodemographic features, radiological and histopathological characteristics, mortality, and overall 5-year survival rate.Results: The prevalence of RCC in our study was 0.7%. The mean age of the patients was 53.74± 5.5 years, 67.9% were male, and 32.1% were female, with a 2:1 male-to-female ratio. The mean tumor size was 6.38± 2.4 cm. Clear cell RCC was the most common histological type in 67.8%, followed by papillary RCC (15.6%), unclassified RCC (9.5%), and chromophobe RCC was the least common in 7.1% of the cases. About one-third of the case had locally advanced RCC with positive nodal involvement, 26.2% of the patients had metastatic disease, and a further 6% progressed to metastatic cancer despite surgical resection. Eight percent of our cases returned with local recurrence. The mortality rate was 37.2%. More than eighty percent of females had a low-stage and a low-grade RCC, while males held higher stages and higher grades RCC in 37% and 63%, respectively (p< 0.001). Smokers were male-only, while obesity was common in female patients (p=0.02).Conclusion: The study findings showed a satisfactory outcome, 71.4% of our patients presented with localized RCC, the five-year survival rate of the patients was 62.8%, and the mortality rate was substantially higher for patients with a higher stage, a higher grade tumor, and metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.Keywords: renal cell carcinoma, Sub-Saharan Africa, mortality, five-year survival rate
