Utilization of SYNTAX Score II for Predictive Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Background: The SYNTAX score II (SS II) has earned widespread recognition for use on individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) due to its reliable predictions of 4-year all-cause mortality (ACM). This research focuses on substantiating the prognostic significance of using the SS II for patients experiencing concurrent chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and CAD who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This study retrospectively examined 2468 patients with concurrent CAD and CRI who underwent PCI. Based on their SS II, these participants were sorted into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups and monitored over a median of three years. The evaluation of the predictive precision of different SYNTAX scores for clinical outcomes in patients with CRI after PCI involved using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. These included the standard SS (SS), SS II, clinical SS (CSS), and residual SS (rSS). The primary outcomes were ACM and cardiac mortality (CM), while the secondary outcomes covered major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), stroke, unplanned revascularization, and myocardial infarction (MI). Results: Higher 5-year cumulative incidences of MACCEs, MI, CM, and ACM were observed significantly in patients in the high SS II category relative to those in the low and medium SS II categories. Multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that the SS II independently predicts ACM, CM, MI, and MACCEs as a prognostic marker. Additionally, the analysis of the time-dependent ROC curve demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUC) for predicting CM and ACM were 0.772 and 0.767, respectively, which are superior to those of other SYNTAX scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: As an independent predictor, the SS II is notable for its ability to forecast long-term adverse outcomes, including MACCEs, CM, ACM, and MI. For patients with coexisting CAD and CRI undergoing PCI, it provides significantly improved prognostic accuracy for 5-year ACM and CM compared to other SYNTAX scores.

Keywords

• percutaneous coronary intervention
• coronary artery disease
• syntax score
• syntax score ii
• chronic renal insufficiency