Frontiers in Marine Science (Feb 2019)
Challenges and Prospects in Ocean Circulation Models
- Baylor Fox-Kemper,
- Alistair Adcroft,
- Alistair Adcroft,
- Claus W. Böning,
- Eric P. Chassignet,
- Enrique Curchitser,
- Gokhan Danabasoglu,
- Carsten Eden,
- Matthew H. England,
- Rüdiger Gerdes,
- Rüdiger Gerdes,
- Richard J. Greatbatch,
- Stephen M. Griffies,
- Stephen M. Griffies,
- Robert W. Hallberg,
- Robert W. Hallberg,
- Emmanuel Hanert,
- Patrick Heimbach,
- Helene T. Hewitt,
- Christopher N. Hill,
- Yoshiki Komuro,
- Sonya Legg,
- Sonya Legg,
- Julien Le Sommer,
- Simona Masina,
- Simon J. Marsland,
- Simon J. Marsland,
- Simon J. Marsland,
- Stephen G. Penny,
- Stephen G. Penny,
- Stephen G. Penny,
- Fangli Qiao,
- Todd D. Ringler,
- Anne Marie Treguier,
- Hiroyuki Tsujino,
- Petteri Uotila,
- Stephen G. Yeager
Affiliations
- Baylor Fox-Kemper
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Alistair Adcroft
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Alistair Adcroft
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Claus W. Böning
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Eric P. Chassignet
- Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Enrique Curchitser
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Gokhan Danabasoglu
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
- Carsten Eden
- Theoretical Oceanography, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Matthew H. England
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Rüdiger Gerdes
- 0Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Rüdiger Gerdes
- 1Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
- Richard J. Greatbatch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Stephen M. Griffies
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Stephen M. Griffies
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Robert W. Hallberg
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Robert W. Hallberg
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Emmanuel Hanert
- 2Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Patrick Heimbach
- 3The University of Texas at Austin, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences and Jackson School of Geosciences, Austin, TX, United States
- Helene T. Hewitt
- 4Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Christopher N. Hill
- 5Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Yoshiki Komuro
- 6Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Sonya Legg
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Sonya Legg
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Julien Le Sommer
- 7CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Simona Masina
- 8CMCC, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy
- Simon J. Marsland
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Simon J. Marsland
- 9CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Battery Point, TAS, Australia
- Simon J. Marsland
- 0Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, ACE CRC, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Stephen G. Penny
- 1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Stephen G. Penny
- 2National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction, College Park, MD, United States
- Stephen G. Penny
- 3RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan
- Fangli Qiao
- 4First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Todd D. Ringler
- 5Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Anne Marie Treguier
- 6Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, CNRS-IFREMER-IRD-UBO, IUEM, Plouzane, France
- Hiroyuki Tsujino
- 7JMA Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
- Petteri Uotila
- 8Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stephen G. Yeager
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00065
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 6
Abstract
We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al. (2010). Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding, numerics, spatial discretization, grid configurations, parameterizations, data assimilation, environmental monitoring, and process-level observations and modeling. Important large scale applications over the last decade are simulations of the Southern Ocean, the Meridional Overturning Circulation and its variability, and regional sea level change. Submesoscale variability is now routinely resolved in process models and permitted in a few global models, and submesoscale effects are parameterized in most global models. The scales where nonhydrostatic effects become important are beginning to be resolved in regional and process models. Coupling to sea ice, ice shelves, and high-resolution atmospheric models has stimulated new ideas and driven improvements in numerics. Observations have provided insight into turbulence and mixing around the globe and its consequences are assessed through perturbed physics models. Relatedly, parameterizations of the mixing and overturning processes in boundary layers and the ocean interior have improved. New diagnostics being used for evaluating models alongside present and novel observations are briefly referenced. The overall goal is summarizing new developments in ocean modeling, including: how new and existing observations can be used, what modeling challenges remain, and how simulations can be used to support observations.
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