Application of Gearboxes in Power Drives of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

One of the disadvantages of electric vehicles is the limited driving range on a single charge, which depends significantly on the operating conditions. Until now, in electromechanical power units of transport vehicles, a single-stage gear reducer is most often used. An attempt to increase the driving range on a single charge of electric trucks due to an increase of the traction batteries capacity leads to a significant reduction in their load capacity. In this paper, the problem of improving the energy efficiency of electric vehicles is solved by using multistage gearboxes in power units. They make it possible to adapt the power unit to a joint operation in the high-efficiency zone of the traction electric motor and inverter, which ensures the energy consumption reduction of electric vehicles. An example of calculating the gear ratios of a two-stage gearbox for the experimental delivery electric truck MAZ-4381EE and different variants of the gearbox kinematic schemes are given. Furthermore, the use of а two-stage gearbox makes it possible to implement two parameters specified by the technical requirements that ensure the effective operation of the electric vehicle: the dynamic factor, characterizing its traction-speed properties, and the maximum speed.

Keywords

• electric truck
• driving range on a single charge
• traction electric motor
• gearbox
• gear ratio