Serological and Molecular Evidence of the Circulation of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Subtype IIIA in Humans, Wild Vertebrates and Mosquitos in the Brazilian Amazon
Franko A. Silva,
Milene S. Ferreira,
Pedro A. Araújo,
Samir M. M. Casseb,
Sandro P. Silva,
Joaquim P. Nunes Neto,
Jannifer O. Chiang,
José W. Rosa Junior,
Liliane L. Chagas,
Maria N. O. Freitas,
Éder B. Santos,
Leonardo Hernández,
Thito Paz,
Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos,
Lívia C. Martins
Affiliations
Franko A. Silva
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Milene S. Ferreira
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Pedro A. Araújo
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Samir M. M. Casseb
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Sandro P. Silva
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Joaquim P. Nunes Neto
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Jannifer O. Chiang
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
José W. Rosa Junior
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Liliane L. Chagas
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Maria N. O. Freitas
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Éder B. Santos
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Leonardo Hernández
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Thito Paz
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Lívia C. Martins
Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
Understanding the interaction between viruses and ecosystems in areas with or without anthropic interference can contribute to the organization of public health services, as well as prevention and disease control. An arbovirus survey was conducted at Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil, where 632 local residents, 338 vertebrates and 15,774 pools of hematophagous arthropods were investigated. Neutralization antibodies of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus, subtype IIIA, Mucambo virus (MUCV) were detected in 57.3% and 61.5% of humans and wild vertebrates, respectively; in addition, genomic fragments of MUCV were detected in pool of Uranotaenia (Ura.) geometrica. The obtained data suggest an enzootic circulation of MUCV in the area. Understanding the circulation of endemic and neglected arboviruses, such as MUCV, represents an important health problem for the local residents and for the people living in the nearby urban centers.
