The effect of private agreement on the duties and duties of the holder of a commercial document in Iranian law with a comparative study in the Geneva Conventions of 1931 and 1930

Abstract

Business documents, including Bill of exchange, promissory note, check, are most basically issue to be used an alternative to money. These documents are subject to specific rules and regulations and have special characteristics which distinguish them from other documents and so make them function better than cash. Those in charge of paying the document sum such as issuer, endorser, surety, and drawee may reach conditional agreements with the bearer of business documents over their own, duties and obligations of the bearer or the rights set out in the document pursuant to the rule of supremacy of will. Results of such agreements may include changes in any of the foregoing. Are all agreements considered effective, binding and enforceable in this respect? In this article, with a glance at the unified rules of Geneva Convention of 1930 regarding bill of exchange and promissory note and of 1931 regarding checks, and other legal systems. we deal with the condition and realm of the effects of these private agreements in and on business documents and their validity or invalidity in Iran's law.

Keywords

• business documents
• dutyes
• bearer
• agreement
• payment responsible