Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pollen Extracts from <i>Micromeria fruticosa, Achillea fragrantissima,</i> and <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>
Omar Sadeq,
Hamza Mechchate,
Imane Es-safi,
Mohamed Bouhrim,
Fatima zahra Jawhari,
Hayat Ouassou,
Loubna Kharchoufa,
Mashail N. AlZain,
Nurah M. Alzamel,
Omkulthom Mohamed Al kamaly,
Abdelhakim Bouyahya,
Amina Benoutman,
Hamada Imtara
Affiliations
Omar Sadeq
Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University Palestine, Jenin B.P. 240, Palestine
Hamza Mechchate
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
Imane Es-safi
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
Mohamed Bouhrim
Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco
Fatima zahra Jawhari
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
Hayat Ouassou
Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco
Loubna Kharchoufa
Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco
Mashail N. AlZain
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Nurah M. Alzamel
Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra B.P. 11961, Saudi Arabia
Omkulthom Mohamed Al kamaly
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh B.P. 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdelhakim Bouyahya
Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat B.P. 10045, Morocco
Amina Benoutman
Laboratory of Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development, Higher Normal School, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan B.P. 2117, Morocco
Hamada Imtara
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, Jenin B.P. Box 240, Palestine
Pollen is a male flower gametophyte located in the anthers of stamens in angiosperms and a considerable source of compounds with health protective potential. In the present work, phytochemical screening was carried out as well as analysis of the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of pollen extracts from Micromeria fruticosa, Achillea fragrantissima, and Phoenix dactylifera growing wild in Palestine. Phytochemical screening examined the total flavonol, flavone and phenolic content. The DPPH (1,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods were used to assess antioxidant propriety, and disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration tests were used to test the pollen extract’s antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The highest level of total phenolic was found in the extract of Micromeria fruticosa (56.78 ± 0.49 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/g). The flavone and flavonol content of samples ranged from 2.48 ± 0.05 to 8.03 ± 0.01 mg QE (Quercetin Equivalent)/g. Micromeria fruticosa pollen with IC50 values of 0.047 and 0.039 mg/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively, showed the greatest radical scavenging action. In addition, this pollen showed a mild antibacterial action against the microorganisms studied, with MICs varying from 0.625 to 10 mg/mL and inhibition diameters ranging from 13.66 ± 1.5 to 16.33 ± 1.5 mm.
