Local and Regional Anesthesia (Mar 2025)
Application of Intravenous Chloroprocaine in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Peng Zhang,* Jin Zhang,* Ying Zhao, Jun Chen, Shaolin Wang Department of Anesthesiology, the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaolin Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, NO. 6 Duchun Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People’s Republic of China, Email wuhuwsl@163.comBackground: While propofol is a commonly utilized medication for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy, it is associated with adverse effects such as hypotension and injection pain. This trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that chloroprocaine can reduce the requirement for propofol and alleviate injection pain during gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods: Sixty patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled and randomly divided into study group (Group CP) and control group (Group C). Patients in Group CP received intravenous chloroprocaine 2 mg/kg, followed by continuous infusion at 6 mg·kg− 1·h− 1 until the end of examination. Patients in Group C received the same volume of saline. Subsequently, all patients were intravenously administered sufentanil at a dose of 0.05 μg/kg. Thirty seconds later, propofol was uniformly infused intravenously at a rate of 60 mL/min using an infusion pump. The primary outcome was the consumption of propofol. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of hypoxemia, hypotension, bradycardia, injection pain, and coughing/body movement during examination. The recovery time, PACU stay time, postoperative pain score, and endoscopists’ satisfaction score were also recorded.Results: Group CP demonstrated a significantly lower total requirement for propofol compared to Group C, with means of (119± 14) mg and (148± 18) mg respectively, P< 0.001. This trend was also observed for both the first and supplemental doses. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding intraoperative adverse events. The incidence of injection pain in Group CP was lower than that in Group C (P=0.007). The recovery time [(4.7± 1.4) vs (6.6± 1.3), P< 0.001], PACU stay time [(13.0± 2.9) vs (16.7± 3.0), P< 0.001] and postoperative pain score [(1.9± 0.7) vs (2.5± 0.7), P=0.002] in Group CP were lower than those in Group C.Conclusion: Intravenous chloroprocaine reduces the requirement for propofol, alleviates propofol injection pain, and improves recovery in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.Keywords: chloroprocaine, endoscopy, propofol, injection pain
