Carnosine Synthase (<i>Ts</i>ATPGD) Alleviates Lipid Peroxidation Under Transcriptional Control by an <i>Nfe2</i>-like Gene in <i>Tridacna Squamosa</i>
Zhuo Yang,
Nai-Kei Wong,
Fan Mao,
Siwei Wu,
Wenjie Yi,
Ziniu Yu,
Yang Zhang
Affiliations
Zhuo Yang
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Nai-Kei Wong
Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
Fan Mao
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Siwei Wu
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Wenjie Yi
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Ziniu Yu
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Yang Zhang
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
As an important mollusk in reef ecosystems, Tridacna squamosa forms pro-survival symbiotic relationships that hinge on an exquisite redox equilibrium between the host and the photosynthetic symbiont, zooxanthellae. The exact regulatory mechanisms thereof remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel Nfe2-like transcription factor in T. squamosa was identified and characterized with respect to its antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. Gene structure and phylogenetic analysis reveal that T. squamosa possesses a single transcription factor TsNfe2l in contrast to mammalian Nfe2l1 (Nrf1) and Nfe2l2 (Nrf2), belonging to protein members of the bZIP-NFE2 subfamily and functionally resembling the mammalian Nfe2l1. A conserved bZIP domain permits its binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in vitro and in HEK293T cells. Further analyses such as promoter prediction suggest that TsNfe2l target genes engage mainly in the regulation of multiple enzymes involved in antioxidation and allied pathways. Notably, TsNfe2l transcriptionally upregulates carnosine synthase (TsATPGD), which subsequently produces L-carnosine abundantly to shield cells from oxidative damage. Moreover, the blockage of TsNfe2l nucleic acid binding reduced the expression of TsATPGD and L-carnosine content in the gill, resulting in elevated lipid peroxidation. Collectively, our findings establish novel molecular insight into TsNfe2l as a critical regulator of redox homeostasis in T. squamosa through carnosine synthesis.
