Modes of Neighbouring Group Participation by the Methyl Selenyl Substituent in β-Methylselenylmethyl-substituted 1-Phenylethyl Carbenium Ions

Abstract

Selenium substituents which are disposed β to an electron deficient centre, such as a carbocation p-orbital, or the π* orbital of an electron deficient p-system, interact in a stabilising way by a combination of C-Se hyperconjugation (σSe-C–π* interaction), and a through-space homoconjugative nSe–π* interaction. The relative importance of these two modes of interaction is dependant on the electron demand of the cation, with hyperconjugation predominating for low electron demand systems, and the nSe–π* interaction predominating for high electron demand cations.

Keywords

• hyperconjugation
• stereoelectronic effects
• selenium interactions