A Journey through Diastereomeric Space: The Design, Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Activity, and Molecular Modeling of Novel Potent Diastereomeric MOR Agonists and Antagonists
Dana R. Chambers,
Agnieszka Sulima,
Dan Luo,
Thomas E. Prisinzano,
Alexander Goldberg,
Bing Xie,
Lei Shi,
Carol A. Paronis,
Jack Bergman,
Nima Nassehi,
Dana E. Selley,
Gregory H. Imler,
Arthur E. Jacobson,
Kenner C. Rice
Affiliations
Dana R. Chambers
Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Agnieszka Sulima
Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Dan Luo
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
Thomas E. Prisinzano
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
Alexander Goldberg
Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Bing Xie
Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Lei Shi
Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Carol A. Paronis
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
Jack Bergman
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
Nima Nassehi
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
Dana E. Selley
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
Gregory H. Imler
Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Washington, DC 20375, USA
Arthur E. Jacobson
Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Kenner C. Rice
Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Four sets of diastereomeric C9-alkenyl 5-phenylmorphans, varying in the length of the C9-alkenyl chain, were designed to examine the effect of these spatially distinct ligands on opioid receptors. Functional activity was obtained by forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assays and several compounds were examined in the [35S]GTPgS assay and in an assay for respiratory depression. In each of the four sets, similarities and differences were observed dependent on the length of their C9-alkenyl chain and, most importantly, their stereochemistry. Three MOR antagonists were found to be as or more potent than naltrexone and, unlike naltrexone, none had MOR, KOR, or DOR agonist activity. Several potent MOR full agonists were obtained, and, of particular interest partial agonists were found that exhibited less respiratory depression than that caused by morphine. The effect of stereochemistry and the length of the C9-alkenyl chain was also explored using molecular modeling. The MOR antagonists were found to interact with the inactive (4DKL) MOR crystal structures and agonists were found to interact with the active (6DDF) MOR crystal structures. The comparison of their binding modes at the mouse MOR was used to gain insight into the structural basis for their stereochemically induced pharmacological differences.
