Modes de gestion de la diversité cultivée par les paysans dans le bassin arachidier au Sénégal : la coexistence comme nouvelle normalité ?

Abstract

Farmer seed systems play a crucial role in access to seeds in West Africa. However, governments and development organizations aim to structure these seed systems, notably through the expansion of seed cooperatives and the commercialization of certified seeds of approved varieties. Nevertheless, the discrepancy of these normative frameworks with the reality and specificities of family farming raises concerns. Through a detailed and quantified description of the management practices of cultivated diversity by households in four villages in the Senegalese groundnut basin, our study highlights the coexistence of varieties more or less ancient, derived from farmer selection or research, and disseminated through local, state, or private exchange networks, without one supplanting the other. This coexistence can be observed at both the household and village levels, depending on the specificities inherent to each farm and agricultural terroir and the influence of territorialized development projects. The articulation and porosity between these different systems of supply at different scales show the need to consider the support of these changes on a case-by-case basis, according to each local context. Faced with this complexity, farmers, in their diversity, are ultimately in the best position to guide their choices. An evolution of the normative frameworks of seed policies appears necessary to better accompany them in this sense.

Keywords

• Agrobiodiversity
• Coexistence of seed systems
• Seed exchange networks
• Groundnut basin
• Senegal