High prevalence of patellar dislocation and trochlear dysplasia in a geographically and genetically isolated society: an observational national cohort study from the Faroese Knee Cohort

Abstract

Background and purpose: We aimed to calculate the prevalence of patellar dislocation (PD) and trochlear dysplasia (TD) in a national cohort aged 15–19 years in the Faroe Island. Patients and methods: All inhabitants in the Faroe Islands aged 15–19 years were invited to answer an online survey, including demographics and questions regarding prior PD. Participants with prior PD were invited for radiographs and MRI of both knees to be taken. Trochlear dysplasia was defined as one of the following: Dejour type A–D on radiographs, lateral trochlear inclination angle (LTI) < 11°, or trochlear depth < 3 mm on MRI. Results: 3,749 individuals were contacted, 41 were excluded, and 1,638 (44%) completed the survey. 146 reported a prior PD (the PD cohort) and 100 accepted to participate and have radiographs and MRI taken of both knees (the clinical PD cohort), 76 of whom were diagnosed with TD. The national prevalence of PD was 8.9%. The national prevalence of symptomatic TD was 6.8%. The prevalence of TD in the clinical PD cohort was 76%. TD was bilateral in 78% of TD patients, but only 27% of patients with bilateral TD had PD in both knees. Conclusion: The prevalence of PD in the Faroe Islands is found to be very high. The national prevalence of TD and the prevalence of TD in participants with prior PD is high, indicating a potential genetic influence.

Keywords

• Dejour classification
• familial association of patellar dislocation
• Femoral trochlear dysplasia
• Knee
• Patellar dislocation