Frontiers in Endocrinology (May 2012)

Intracellular signal transduction and modification of the tumor microenvironment induced by RET/PTCs in papillary thyroid carcinoma

  • Elisa eMenicali,
  • Elisa eMenicali,
  • Sonia eMoretti,
  • Sonia eMoretti,
  • Pasquale eVoce,
  • Pasquale eVoce,
  • Serena eRomagnoli,
  • Nicola eAvenia,
  • Nicola eAvenia,
  • Efisio ePuxeddu,
  • Efisio ePuxeddu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2012.00067
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 3

Abstract

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RET gene rearrangements (RET/PTCs) represent together with BRAF point mutations the two major groups of mutations involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma initiation and progression. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms involved in RET/PTC-induced thyroid cell transformation. In detail, we will summarize the data on the molecular mechanisms involved in RET/PTC formation and in its function as a dominant oncogene, on the activated signal transduction pathways and on the induced gene expression modifications. Moreover, we will report on the effects of RET/PTCs on the tumor microenvironment including our recent findings on its actions on the immune cell component infiltrating the tumor and the peritumoral tissue. Finally, a short review of the literature on RET/PTC prognostic significance will be presented.

Keywords