Recurrence of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia With a Rare Presentation as Diffuse Generalized Skin Lesion

Abstract

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that originates from mature post-thymic T-cells. Cutaneous manifestations are a common presentation in T-PLL but rarely are a presentation in the recurrent setting. Here, we describe the case of a 75-year-old female with a history of T-PLL—who at the time of initial diagnosis did not exhibit any rash—presenting with diffuse rash, facial swelling, sore throat, and dysphagia 7 months later and was found to have recurrent T-PLL. She had diffuse lymphadenopathy and diffuse skin lesions. Biopsy of the skin lesions also confirmed infiltration with T-PLL cells. After review of the literature, no previously reported cases of recurrent T-PLL presented as diffuse skin lesions. This case demonstrates that recurrent T-PLL may present with diffuse rash, respiratory distress, and anasarca. It is important to stay vigilant in patients with history of T-PLL to recognize signs of recurrent disease to allow prompt diagnosis and treatment.