Comparison of four different protocols using levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius)

Abstract

Background: The popularity of tortoises kept in captivity is increasing and has caused concern regarding the necessity to establish safe and straightforward anesthesia for those reptiles. Aim: This study aimed to compare four protocols using levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for blockade of the caudal neuraxis of red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius). Methods: Twenty-four tortoises were randomly assigned into 4 groups: G1, levobupivacaine 0.75% (1.15 mg kg-1); G2, levobupivacaine 0.37% (1.15 mg kg-1); G3, levobupivacaine 0.75% (2.3 mg kg-1); and G4, levobupivacaine 0.75% (0.1 ml 5 cm-1 of straight carapace length). Tortoises were evaluated for respiratory rate, muscle relaxation, response to hindlimb or tail pinch, and cloacal reflex. Results: A 1.15 mg kg-1 dose of levobupivacaine 0.37% appears adequate for shorter procedures, whereas a 1.15 mg kg-1 dose of levobupivacaine 0.75% should be appropriate for longer procedures in red-footed tortoises. Conclusion: Our results are the first to show the effects of levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in reptiles. Weight-based doses presented more intense and more homogeneous effects than carapace length-based dose in red-footed tortoises. Spinal anesthesia of red-footed tortoises was safe and effective with any of the weight-based protocols. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(8.000): 1789-1793]

Keywords

• testudines
• loco-regional anesthesia
• neuraxis blockade
• local anesthetics
• reptiles