INFLUENCE OF SOWING TIMES AND SOWING RATES ON BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATION PERIOD

Abstract

The proposal to agricultural producers of new soybean varieties necessitates their adaptation to certain soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and improvement of certain technological elements (sowing dates, seeding rates, etc.), which will ensure their high productivity and maximum realization of genetic potential. According to the results of our research, it was found that in all varieties the increase in sowing rate to 900 thousand similar seeds caused an increase in the height of attachment of the lower bean, on average, by 1.0-6.8 cm, while its decrease to 500 thousand similar seeds led to a decrease in this indicator by 0.9-5.7 cm for all sowing dates. During the whole research period, soybean varieties, depending on sowing dates and sowing rates, formed different numbers of beans: Diadema of Podillya – 23-33 un., KiVin – 26-44 un., Knyazhna – 21-29 un., Khutoryanochka – 23-32 un., Triada – 28-38 un. However, in soybean varieties Diadema Podillya and Khutoryanochka there was no significant difference in the number of beans at different sowing dates, while in varieties KiVin and Triada the largest number of beans was formed in the early, the smallest – in the late sowing period. In the Knyazhna variety, the largest number of beans was formed during the early sowing period, while during the optimal and late sowing period, the deviations were insignificant. The increase in the sowing rate to 900 thousand similar seeds caused a decrease in the number of beans in the variety Knyazhna – by 3-4 un., in the varieties Diadema Podillya and Khutoryanochka, respectively, by 5-9 un. and 6-9 un., in the Triada variety – by 8-10 un., while in the KiVin variety – by 13-14 un. compared with the sowing rate of 500 thousand similar seeds. The shift of sowing dates to earlier caused an increase in the weight of 1000 seeds depending on the sowing rate in varieties KiVin – by 4.4-6.5% and Triada – by 0.9-9.7% and its decrease in varieties Diadema Podillya, Knyazhna and Khutoryanochka by 0.8-1.5%, 2.0-4.7% and 2.0-3.4%, respectively. Sowing at a later date reduced the weight of 1000 seeds in varieties Diadema Podillya – by 0.8-6.6% and Triada – by 3.4-7.2%, while in varieties KiVin and Khutoryanochka deviation of this indicator was insignificant compared to the optimal sowing date. All studied soybean varieties with an increase in sowing rate from 500 to 900 thousand similar seeds reduced the weight of 1000 seeds, on average, by 0.5-13.9% for all sowing dates

Keywords

• plant height
• number of beans
• number of seeds
• weight of 1000 seeds
• individual productivity