Nutrición Hospitalaria (Feb 2006)
Effects of pork vs veal consumption on serum lipids in healthy subjects Efecto del consumo de cerdo y de ternera sobre el perfil lipídico de sujetos sanos
Abstract
AIMS: To analyse the influence of lean pork (P) and veal (V) consumption on the lipid profile of healthy subjects within the framework of a healthy diet comprising low levels of total fat (TF), saturated fatty acids (SFA) and cholesterol. DESIGN: Double-crossover, randomized and controlled trial SUBJECTS: 44 healthy individuals (22 male and 22 female), recruited voluntarily from the University Complutense of Madrid. The weight and lipid profiles of these volunteers were normal and their dietary patterns were typical for people in our area. INTERVENTIONS: The study comprised 4 phases: stabilisation phase (5 weeks), the participants followed their normal diet; second phase (6 weeks), half of the subjects, were randomised to lean pork or veal consumption, 150 g per day, for their main meal of the day; washout period (5 weeks) and final phase, which was the second phase of intervention (6 weeks). During the intervention stages, only the main meal of the day was taken in the Hospital. The rest of the subjects' diets consisted of different fortnightly menus designed in accordance with the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA). RESULTS: After both stages of intervention had been completed, there was a mean reduction of 5.5% in lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol. However, after each intervention there were no significant differences between those who had consumed P, 2.62 (0.55) mmol/L and those who had consumed V, 2.71 (0.47) mmol/L. No differences were observed in any of the other parameters between those who had consumed P and those who had consumed V. CONCLUSIONS: Lean pork and veal produces similar effects on the lipid profiles of healthy subjects. Its consumption, as part of the saturated fat and cholesterolcontrolled diet, could therefore be included in food guidelines, both for normal and therapeutic diets.OBJETIVO: Analizar la influencia del consumo de carne magra de cerdo (P) y de ternera (V) en el perfil lipídico de sujetos sanos, cuando se realiza dentro de un patrón de dieta saludable con bajo contenido en grasa total (TF), ácidos grasos saturados (SFA) y en colesterol. DISEÑO: Ensayo cruzado doble, aleatorizado y controlado. SUJETOS: 44 sujetos sanos (22 varones y 22 mujeres), reclutados de forma voluntaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Los pesos y los perfiles lipídicos de estos voluntarios y su patrón de alimentación eran típicos de las personas de nuestra área. INTERVENCIONES: El estudio consta de 4 fases: fase de estabilización (5 semanas), los participantes seguían su dieta normal; segunda fase (6 semanas), la mitad de los sujetos se randomizaron para que consumieran carne magra de cerdo o de ternera, 150 g al día, durante la principal comida del día; periodo de lavado (5 semanas) y fase final, que era la segunda fase de intervención (6 semanas). Durante las fases de intervención, sólo la principal comida se realizaba en el hospital. El resto de las dietas de los sujetos estaba constituida por menús diferentes para 2 semanas que seguían las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA). RESULTADOS: Tras ambas intervenciones, hubo una reducción media de un 5,5% en el LDL colesterol. Sin embargo, después de cada intervención no encontramos diferencias significativas entre los que consumieron P, 2.62 (0.55) mmol/L y estos que consumieron V, 2.71 (0.47) mmol/L. No se observó diferencias en el resto de los parámetros analizados entre los que consumieron P y los que consumieron V. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de P y B produce efectos similares sobre el perfil lipídico de sujetos sanos. Su consumo, formando parte de dietas controladas en grasa saturada y colesterol, podrían incluirse en pautas alimentarias, tanto de dietas normales como terapéuticas.
