The Archaellum: How Archaea Swim

Abstract

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Recent studies on archaeal motility have shown that the archaeal motility structure is unique in several aspects as, although it fulfills the same swimming function as the bacterial flagellum, it is evolutionary and structurally related to the type IV pilus. This was the basis for the recent proposal to term the archaeal motility structure the archaellum. This review illustrates the key findings that led to the realization that the archaellum was a novel motility structure and presents the current knowledge about the structural composition, mechanism of assembly and regulation, and the posttranslational modifications of archaella.

Keywords

• motility
• regulation of gene expression
• type IV pili
• archaellum
• Motor complex
• Archaeal flagellum