A red blood cell‐derived bionic microrobot capable of hierarchically adapting to five critical stages in systemic drug delivery
Ya‐Xuan Zhu,
Hao‐Ran Jia,
Yao‐Wen Jiang,
Yuxin Guo,
Qiu‐Yi Duan,
Ke‐Fei Xu,
Bai‐Hui Shan,
Xiaoyang Liu,
Xiaokai Chen,
Fu‐Gen Wu
Affiliations
Ya‐Xuan Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Hao‐Ran Jia
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Yao‐Wen Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Yuxin Guo
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Qiu‐Yi Duan
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Ke‐Fei Xu
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Bai‐Hui Shan
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Xiaoyang Liu
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Xiaokai Chen
School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
Fu‐Gen Wu
State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
Abstract The tumour‐targeting efficiency of systemically delivered chemodrugs largely dictates the therapeutic outcome of anticancer treatment. Major challenges lie in the complexity of diverse biological barriers that drug delivery systems must hierarchically overcome to reach their cellular/subcellular targets. Herein, an “all‐in‐one” red blood cell (RBC)‐derived microrobot that can hierarchically adapt to five critical stages during systemic drug delivery, that is, circulation, accumulation, release, extravasation, and penetration, is developed. The microrobots behave like natural RBCs in blood circulation, due to their almost identical surface properties, but can be magnetically manipulated to accumulate at regions of interest such as tumours. Next, the microrobots are “immolated” under laser irradiation to release their therapeutic cargoes and, by generating heat, to enhance drug extravasation through vascular barriers. As a coloaded agent, pirfenidone (PFD) can inhibit the formation of extracellular matrix and increase the penetration depth of chemodrugs in the solid tumour. It is demonstrated that this system effectively suppresses both primary and metastatic tumours in mouse models without evident side effects, and may represent a new class of intelligent biomimicking robots for biomedical applications.