PLoS ONE (Jan 2022)

Infection prevention and control risk factors in health workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Jordan: A case control study.

  • Ala Bin Tarif,
  • Mohannad Ramadan,
  • Mo Yin,
  • Ghazi Sharkas,
  • Sami Sheikh Ali,
  • Mahmoud Gazo,
  • Ali Zeitawy,
  • Lora Alsawalha,
  • Kaiyue Wu,
  • Alvaro Alonso-Garbayo,
  • Bassim Zayed,
  • Lubna Al-Ariqi,
  • Khalid A Kheirallah,
  • Maha Talaat,
  • Arash Rashidian,
  • Alice Simniceanu,
  • Benedetta Allegranzi,
  • Alessandro Cassini,
  • Saverio Bellizzi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271133
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 7
p. e0271133

Abstract

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BackgroundDespite under-reporting, health workers (HWs) accounted for 2 to 30% of the reported COVID-19 cases worldwide. In line with data from other countries, Jordan recorded multiple case surges among HWs.MethodsBased on the standardized WHO UNITY case-control study protocol on assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HWs, HWs with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited as cases from eight hospitals in Jordan. HWs exposed to COVID-19 patients in the same setting but without infection were recruited as controls. The study lasted approximately two months (from early January to early March 2021). Regression models were used to analyse exposure risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HWs; conditional logistic regressions were utilized to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for the confounding variables.ResultsA total of 358 (102 cases and 256 controls) participants were included in the analysis. The multivariate analysis showed that being exposed to COVID-19 patients within 1 metre for more than 15 minutes increased three-fold the odds of infection (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.25-6.86). Following IPC standard precautions when in contact with patients was a significant protective factor. The multivariate analysis showed that suboptimal adherence to hand hygiene increased the odds of infection by three times (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.25-8.08).ConclusionStudy findings confirmed the role of hand hygiene as one of the most cost-effective measures to combat the spreading of viral infections. Future studies based on the same protocol will enable additional interpretations and confirmation of the Jordan experience.