Comparative Effect of the Type of a Pulsed Discharge on the Ionic Speciation of Plasma-Activated Water

Abstract

The comparison of ion concentrations, pH index, and conductivity in distilled and ground water after exposure to low-temperature plasma formed by barrier and bubble discharges is performed. It has been found that in the case of groundwater, the best performance for the production of NO3− anions is provided by the discharge inside the gas bubbles. For distilled water, the barrier discharge in air, followed by saturation of water with plasma products, is the most suitable from this point of view. In both treatments, the maximum energy input into the stock solution is ensured. After 10 min treatment of ground water, the pH index increases and then it decreases. The obtained numerical indicators make it possible to understand in which tasks the indicated treatment modes should be used, their comparative advantages, and disadvantages. From the point of view of energy consumption for obtaining approximately equal (in order of magnitude) amounts of NO3− anions, both types of discharge treatment are suitable. The research results point to a fairly simple way to convert salts (calcium carbonates) from an insoluble form to soluble one. Namely, when interacting with NO3− anions, insoluble carbonates pass into soluble nitrates.

Keywords

• plasma-activated water
• barrier discharge
• bubble discharge
• physicochemical properties
• process conditions