Albumin Administration is Efficacious in the Management of Patients with Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Giacomo Zaccherini, Manuel Tufoni, Mauro Bernardi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, ItalyCorrespondence: Mauro Bernardi Email [email protected]: The use of albumin in patients with cirrhosis has been extensively discussed over recent years. Current treatment approaches depend on targeting related complications, aiming to treat and/or prevent circulatory dysfunction, bacterial infections and multi-organ failure. Albumin has been shown to prolong survival and reduce complications in patients with cirrhosis. This review aims to ascertain whether the use of albumin is justified in patients with cirrhosis. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses evaluating albumin use in patients with cirrhosis published between 1985 and February 2020 was conducted; the quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed. In total, 45 RCTs and 10 meta-analyses were included. Based on the included evidence, albumin is superior at preventing and controlling the incidence of cirrhosis complications vs other plasma expanders. Recent studies reported that long-term albumin administration to patients with decompensated cirrhosis improves survival with a 38% reduction in the mortality hazard ratio compared with standard medical treatment alone. Albumin infusions are justified for routine use in patients with cirrhosis, and the use of albumin either alone or in combination with other treatments leads to clinical benefits. Long-term administration of albumin should be considered in some patients.Keywords: albumin, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, liver cirrhosis, paracentesis, peritonitis

Keywords

• albumin
• ascites
• hepatorenal syndrome
• liver cirrhosis
• paracentesis
• peritonitis.