Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии (Oct 2015)
POWER AND TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOIL CULTIVATING WORKING TOOL
Abstract
Soil-cultivating is the most power-intensive operation in crop production. It was defined that decrease in power consumption of a ploughshare as the most loaded working tool of the plow is possible due to its oscillation or by change of its parameters. It was noted that the perspective direction of decrease in power consumption is shape change of a ploughshare or its cutting edge. It was established that if the ploughshare operates in the layer split mode at the prevailing role of tangential shearing stress, then it is expedient to change parameters of all surface; if in the broken layer mode - only parameters of the cutting edge. The device for dynamometer test of hinged plows was worked out. The results obtained in experimental studies confirmed expediency of change of a shape of the cutting edge owing to a deviation of an edge of the fragmented part of a ploughshare towards a moldboard front surface by 2, 3 and 4 degrees. It was educed that at 2 degrees angle deviation the horizontal component of plowing resistance is less than control by 7.2 percent, 3 degrees - by 5.7, 4 degrees - by 3.6 percent. It was established that surface ridgeness during the operating of ploughshares with 2 degrees angle of flange in comparison with control increased by 22.6 percent, 3 degrees - by 5.46 percent, with 4 degrees angle this indicator decreased by 8.21 percent. Trash burial ratio was respectively higher by 7.56; 7.61 and 6.50 percent, and soil pulverization coefficient - by 8.52; 13.17 and 15.55 percent. It was proved that the highest trash burial ratio corresponds to a ploughshare with 4 degrees angle of flange. It was showed that taking into account the minimum value of a horizontal component of plowing resistance, soil pulverization coefficients and trash burial ratio on loamy soils it is more expedient to use a ploughshare with a with 2 degrees angle of flange.
