Livers (Sep 2024)

Deciphering the Gut–Liver Axis: A Comprehensive Scientific Review of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

  • Samradhi Singh,
  • Mona Kriti,
  • Roberto Catanzaro,
  • Francesco Marotta,
  • Mustafa Malvi,
  • Ajay Jain,
  • Vinod Verma,
  • Ravinder Nagpal,
  • Rajnarayan Tiwari,
  • Manoj Kumar

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/livers4030032
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 4, no. 3
pp. 435 – 454

Abstract

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a significant global health issue. The condition is closely linked to metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The gut–liver axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the liver and the gut, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This review delves into the mechanisms underlying the gut–liver axis, exploring the influence of gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and inflammatory pathways. This review also explores the potential therapeutic strategies centered on modulating gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation; phage therapy; and the use of specific probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in managing NAFLD. By understanding these interactions, we can better comprehend the development and advancement of NAFLD and identify potential therapeutic targets.

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